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NEW QUESTION # 31
The ETSI MANO Model operational stack is defined as?
- A. Orchestration above Network Function Management above Infrastructure Management
- B. Network Function Management above Orchestration above Infrastructure Management '
- C. Infrastructure Management above Orchestration above Network Function Management
- D. Infrastructure Management above Network Function Management above Orchestration
Answer: A
Explanation:
The ETSI MANO Model operational stack is defined as Orchestration above Network Function Management above Infrastructure Management. The ETSI MANO Model is a framework that defines the architecture and interfaces for the management and orchestration of network functions virtualization (NFV) in cloud networks1. The ETSI MANO Model consists of three main components: Infrastructure Management, Network Function Management, and Orchestration2. Infrastructure Management is responsible for managing the physical and virtual resources that host the network functions, such as servers, storage, switches, hypervisors, and virtual machines2. Network Function Management is responsible for managing the configuration, monitoring, and optimization of the network functions, such as scaling, healing, and updating2. Orchestration is responsible for coordinating the allocation and release of resources for network services and network slices, such as instantiation, termination, and modification2. The ETSI MANO Model operational stack is defined as Orchestration above Network Function Management above Infrastructure Management, meaning that Orchestration is the highest level of abstraction and control, Network Function Management is the intermediate level, and Infrastructure Management is the lowest level2. Reference: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 5: New Services Automation, Section 5.3: Orchestration 2: Module by Module - Self Study Note Guide - training2
NEW QUESTION # 32
What is the main advantage of development concepts such DevOps and CI/CD used in cloud native applications?
- A. To increase the number of check point in development and deployment procedures.
- B. To separate development and deployment in different phases.
- C. To eliminate validation phase of application development.
- D. To reduce time and complexity for development and deployment.
Answer: D
Explanation:
To reduce time and complexity for development and deployment. Comprehensive Explanation and Reference of Correct answer: The main advantage of development Reference:
Nokia Bell Labs 5G Professional Certification - Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, slide 3 Catching the 5G train with CI/CD Services, paragraph 1 Nokia unveils new 5G core deployment services to give operators better capabilities, paragraph 1
NEW QUESTION # 33
What are the main parameters of policy-based auto-scaling? (Select 2)
- A. Threshold
- B. Priority
- C. Min/max values
- D. Description
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
The main parameters of policy-based auto-scaling are threshold and min/max values. Threshold is the value of a metric that triggers the scaling action, such as CPU utilization or memory usage1. Min/max values are the minimum and maximum number of instances or resources that can be scaled up or down1. Priority and description are not parameters of policy-based auto-scaling. Priority is the order of execution of policies in case of conflicting or overlapping conditions2. Description is the optional text that provides additional information about the policy2. Reference: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, slide 24 2: Nokia CloudBand Application Manager User Guide, Chapter 9: Scaling Policies, page 151
NEW QUESTION # 34
What is the sequence of the evolution of Network Functions?
- A. Cloud-Native Network Functions -> Physical Network Functions -> Virtual Network Functions
- B. Virtual Network Functions -> Physical Network Functions -> Cloud-Native Network Functions
- C. Virtual Network Functions -> Cloud-Native Network Functions -> Physical Network Functions
- D. Physical Network Functions -> Virtual Network Functions -> Cloud-Native Network Functions
Answer: D
Explanation:
Physical Network Functions (PNFs) are the traditional network functions that run on dedicated hardware appliances, such as routers, switches, firewalls, etc1. Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) are the network functions that run on virtual machines (VMs) on top of a common hardware platform, such as servers, storage, and network1. Cloud-Native Network Functions (CNFs) are the network functions that run on containers orchestrated by Kubernetes on a cloud infrastructure1. The evolution of Network Functions reflects the trend of moving from hardware-centric to software-centric and cloud-based solutions, which offer more flexibility, scalability, and efficiency12. Reference: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 2: Cloud Technologies and Features, slide 18 2: Nokia Bell Labs 5G Certification Program - Blended Learning, Section 2: Distributed Cloud Networks, slide 11
NEW QUESTION # 35
How are cloud resources are made available to customers?
- A. As virtualized resources.
- B. As direct cloud hardware.
- C. By access to the cloud infrastructure.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Cloud resources are made available to customers as virtualized resources. Virtualization is the process of creating a software-based representation of a physical resource, such as a server, a storage device, or a network device. Virtualization allows multiple customers to share the same physical resource, while isolating their data and applications from each other. Virtualization also enables customers to access cloud resources on demand, without having to worry about the underlying hardware or infrastructure. Virtualization is one of the key technologies that enable cloud computing and its benefits. Reference: Nokia Cloud Platform, Module by Module - Self Study Note Guide
NEW QUESTION # 36
Security is crucial for data centers and their users.
- A. True
- B. False
Answer: A
Explanation:
Security is crucial for data centers and their users because data centers store, process, and transmit large amounts of sensitive and valuable data for various organizations and individuals. Data centers face various security threats such as cyberattacks, natural disasters, human errors, power outages, etc. that can compromise the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the data and the services1. Therefore, data centers need to implement various security measures such as encryption, authentication, authorization, backup, firewall, antivirus, physical security, etc. to protect the data and the users from unauthorized access, data loss, data corruption, service disruption, etc2. Reference: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 2: Cloud Technologies and Features, Section 2.3: Cloud Networking Features 2: Data Center Security: What You Need to Know
NEW QUESTION # 37
Which of the following is the mandatory key driver to consider for Cloud RAN/vRAN deployment?
- A. Privacy
- B. Low capacity
- C. High capacity
- D. Low latency
Answer: D
Explanation:
Low latency is the mandatory key driver to consider for Cloud RAN/vRAN deployment. Cloud RAN stands for Cloud Radio Access Network, which is a network architecture that centralizes the baseband processing of multiple radio sites in a cloud platform. vRAN stands for virtualized RAN, which is a network architecture that implements the baseband processing as software functions running on virtual machines or containers in a cloud platform. Both Cloud RAN and vRAN aim to improve the performance, efficiency, and flexibility of the radio access network by leveraging cloud technologies. Low latency refers to the minimal delay between the source and the destination of a data transmission, which affects the quality of service and user experience for various applications. Low latency is a critical requirement for Cloud RAN/vRAN deployment, as it ensures the timely and reliable delivery of radio signals between the centralized cloud platform and the distributed radio sites. Low latency also enables Cloud RAN/vRAN to support new 5G use cases that demand ultra-reliable and low-latency communications, such as autonomous driving, remote surgery, and industrial automation. Reference: Nokia Bell Labs 5G Professional Certification - Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 3: Cloud Resource Planning, Section 3.2: Cloud RAN/vRAN.
Low latency is a mandatory key driver for Cloud RAN/vRAN deployment due to the stringent requirements of real-time communication and processing in radio access networks. Low latency ensures that data transmission and processing occur with minimal delay, which is crucial for supporting high-speed, reliable communication necessary in modern wireless networks, especially with the advent of 5G technologies.
NEW QUESTION # 38
Which of the follow are descriptions are correct regarding containers? (Select 2)
- A. Is in an isolated environment.
- B. Is a software like a VM.
- C. No limited access to resources.
- D. A logical space in the host's operating system.
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
A logical space in the host's operating system and B. Is in an isolated environment. A container is a software package that bundles an application and its dependencies, and runs as an isolated process in the host's operating system1. Containers are lightweight, portable, and scalable, and can be deployed on any cloud infrastructure2. Unlike virtual machines (VMs), containers do not need a separate operating system or hypervisor, and share the kernel of the host3. However, containers have limited access to resources, as they are restricted by the host's capabilities and the container runtime4. Reference: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 2: Cloud Technologies and Features, Section 2.2: Cloud Virtualization 2: Nokia Container Services, Overview 3: Nokia Cloud Platform, Overview 4: Containers vs. virtual machines: What's the difference?, Comparison
NEW QUESTION # 39
In a cloud deployment, SaaS can stand for which of the following? (Select 2)
- A. Software as a Service
- B. Security as a Service
- C. Service as a Service
- D. Stack as a Service '
Answer: A,B
NEW QUESTION # 40
What is the main advantage of development concepts such DevOps and CI/CD used in cloud native applications?
- A. To increase the number of check point in development and deployment procedures.
- B. To separate development and deployment in different phases.
- C. To eliminate validation phase of application development.
- D. To reduce time and complexity for development and deployment.
Answer: D
Explanation:
To reduce time and complexity for development and deployment. Comprehensive Explanation and Reference of Correct answer: The main advantage of development Reference:
Nokia Bell Labs 5G Professional Certification - Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, slide 3 Catching the 5G train with CI/CD Services, paragraph 1 Nokia unveils new 5G core deployment services to give operators better capabilities, paragraph 1
NEW QUESTION # 41
Select the best option below to complete the following sentence.
Different paths for a NF providing Cloud Resilience are defined in a_____?
- A. NFV Orchestrator configuration
- B. NS Orchestrator configuration
- C. Network Function template
- D. Network Service Descriptor
Answer: D
Explanation:
Different paths for a NF providing Cloud Resilience are defined in a Network Service Descriptor. A Network Service Descriptor (NSD) is a document that describes the topology, configuration, and requirements of a network service. It specifies the network functions (NFs) that compose the service, the virtual links that connect them, and the forwarding graphs that define the traffic flows between them1. A NSD also defines the resilience policies for each NF, such as the number of instances, the scaling triggers, the fault management actions, and the alternative paths in case of failures2. A Network Function template, an NS Orchestrator configuration, and an NFV Orchestrator configuration are not the correct options to complete the sentence. A Network Function template is a document that describes the characteristics and requirements of a single network function, such as the virtualization environment, the resources, the interfaces, and the dependencies1. An NS Orchestrator configuration is a set of parameters that control the behavior and operation of the NS Orchestrator, which is a component that manages the lifecycle of network services3. An NFV Orchestrator configuration is a set of parameters that control the behavior and operation of the NFV Orchestrator, which is a component that coordinates the allocation and release of resources for network services3. Reference: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 3: Cloud Resource Planning, Section 3.2: Network Function 2: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 3: Cloud Resource Planning, Section 3.3: Network Service Descriptor Role 3: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, Section 4.1: Industry Trends in Data Center Hardware
NEW QUESTION # 42
Which of the following is the most efficient service concept for resource usage?
- A. Stateless
- B. Serverless
- C. Stateful
Answer: A
Explanation:
The "Stateless" service concept is indeed the most efficient for resource usage. In a stateless architecture, each request is treated as an independent transaction, unconnected to any previous request. This means that no state information is stored between transactions, which simplifies the design and scalability of systems. It allows for better resource utilization because there is no need to maintain state information over time, which can be resource-intensive. This approach aligns with the principles of RESTful services and is widely adopted in scalable web applications.
NEW QUESTION # 43
Select the most appropriate word to complete the following sentence:
The public cloud ecosystem is a great value for users that offers many more options and_____than the simple consumption of resources.
- A. problems
- B. benefits
- C. operability
- D. constraints
Answer: B
Explanation:
The most appropriate word to complete the sentence is benefits. The public cloud ecosystem offers many benefits to users, such as scalability, flexibility, cost-efficiency, and innovation12. Constraints, problems, and operability are not suitable words to describe the advantages of the public cloud ecosystem over the simple consumption of resources. Reference: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 1: Cloud Ecosystem, slide 7 2: Nokia Bell Labs 5G Certification Program - Blended Learning, Section 2: Distributed Cloud Networks, slide 9
NEW QUESTION # 44
Which of the following statements is correct regarding distributed cloud and cloud options?
- A. Cloud options are complementary with distributed cloud.
- B. Cloud options are the opposite of distributed cloud.
- C. Cloud options are the same concept as distributed cloud.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Distributed cloud is a concept that refers to the deployment of cloud services across multiple locations, such as public, private, hybrid, or edge clouds1. Cloud options are the different types of cloud models that can be used to meet the specific needs and requirements of different applications and users2. Cloud options are complementary with distributed cloud, as they enable the flexibility and scalability of cloud services across the cloud continuum3. Therefore, option B is the correct statement, while options A and C are incorrect. Reference: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 2: Cloud Technologies and Features, Topic: Distributed Cloud Description 2: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 2: Cloud Technologies and Features, Topic: Cloud Options 3: Cloud continuum | Nokia, Overview
NEW QUESTION # 45
Which of the following are true regarding Network Service Orchestration? (Select 2)
- A. It does not provide Geo redundancy.
- B. It increases operational complexity.
- C. It automates NFV service.
- D. Is part of the 5G key enablers.
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
Network Service Orchestration is the process of managing the lifecycle of network services across multiple domains and technologies. It automates NFV service by deploying, configuring, and scaling virtual network functions (VNFs) on demand. It is part of the 5G key enablers because it supports the dynamic and flexible provisioning of network slices and edge cloud applications. It does not increase operational complexity, but rather simplifies and optimizes it by using AI/ML and closed loop automation.
Reference:
Nokia Bell Labs 5G Professional Certification - Distributed Cloud Networks | Nokia Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, slide 8 Nokia Bell Labs 5G Certification Program - Courses | Nokia, Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud
NEW QUESTION # 46
Which of the following best describes the Management Plane?
- A. It provides traffic switching and forwarding.
- B. It provides network management and control.
- C. It enables network administration to define, apply, and enforce business policies across the networking layer.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The Management Plane is the logical layer of a network that provides network management and control functions, such as configuration, monitoring, fault detection, performance analysis, and security1. The Management Plane interacts with the Control Plane and the Data Plane, which are responsible for traffic routing and forwarding, respectively2. The Management Plane also supports the orchestration and automation of network services across the distributed cloud3. Therefore, option B best describes the Management Plane, while options A and C are incorrect. Reference: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, Topic: Management Plane 2: Module by Module - Self Study Note Guide, DC4.1- Industry Trends in Data Center Hardware 3: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 5: New Services Automation, Topic: Management and Orchestration
NEW QUESTION # 47
Which one of the following requires a Network Service Descriptor defined in a catalog?
- A. Software defined network
- B. Cloud infrastructure software
- C. Cloud orchestration
- D. Cloud software platform
Answer: C
Explanation:
A Network Service Descriptor (NSD) is a template that defines the characteristics and requirements of a network service, such as the number and type of virtual network functions (VNFs), the connectivity and topology between them, the scaling policies, and the service level agreements1. A NSD is defined in a catalog that is managed by the cloud orchestration layer, which is responsible for deploying, monitoring, and controlling the network services across the distributed cloud2. Therefore, cloud orchestration requires a NSD defined in a catalog, while the other options do not. Reference: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 3: Cloud Resource Planning, Topic: Network Service Descriptor Role 2: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, Topic: Cloud Orchestration A Network Service Descriptor (NSD) is an integral part of network function virtualization (NFV) architecture. It describes the composition of network services, including how different network functions are chained or combined to provide a specific service. Cloud orchestration involves the automated management of various cloud computing services and resources, including networking services. It requires a comprehensive description of these services (i.e., NSD) to automate their deployment, scaling, and management effectively. NSD in a catalog would be used to define the parameters and configurations needed for the orchestrated service to be deployed in a cloud environment, making cloud orchestration the most likely context for requiring an NSD.
NEW QUESTION # 48
Hyperscale computing relies on scalable server architecture.
- A. True
- B. False
Answer: A
Explanation:
Hyperscale computing relies on scalable server architecture. This is true because hyperscale computing is a type of cloud computing that aims to provide massive scalability, performance, and efficiency for large-scale applications and data processing1. Hyperscale computing requires a scalable server architecture that can support thousands or millions of servers that are interconnected by high-speed networks2. Scalable server architecture enables hyperscale computing to handle increasing workloads, optimize resource utilization, and reduce operational costs3. Reference: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, Section 4.1: Industry Trends in Data Center Hardware 2: How Nokia Bell Labs' new serverless computing design will take cloud computing to the next level4 3: Nokia Bell Labs 5G Professional Certification - Distributed Cloud Networks1
NEW QUESTION # 49
What is the approximate maximum distance of an Edge Cloud from the end-user?
- A. 10000KM
- B. 300KM
- C. 5000KM
- D. 10Q0KM
Answer: B
Explanation:
The approximate maximum distance of an Edge Cloud from the end-user is 300KM. Edge Cloud is a type of cloud deployment that brings cloud resources closer to the end-user, reducing latency and improving performance1. Edge Cloud can be located at various distances from the end-user, depending on the use case and the network topology2. However, the general range of distance for Edge Cloud is between 10KM and 300KM3. 10000KM, 5000KM, and 10Q0KM are too far to be considered as Edge Cloud, as they would introduce significant delays and inefficiencies in the network.
NEW QUESTION # 50
The design of a data center manager includes which of the following? (Select 3)
- A. Cost of tools
- B. Effective process methodology
- C. People enablement
- D. Appropriate tools
Answer: B,C,D
Explanation:
A data center manager is responsible for overseeing the operation, maintenance, and security of a data center, as well as planning and implementing changes and improvements1. To perform these tasks, a data center manager needs to have appropriate tools that can monitor, control, and automate the data center resources, such as servers, storage, network, power, cooling, etc.2. A data center manager also needs to enable people, such as data center staff, engineers, technicians, and customers, to access, use, and manage the data center services and applications3. Moreover, a data center manager needs to follow an effective process methodology that can ensure the quality, efficiency, and reliability of the data center operations, such as ITIL, DevOps, Agile, etc... Reference: 1: Data Center Manager: Roles, Responsibilities, and Skills, Introduction 2: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, Section 4.1: Industry Trends in Data Center Hardware 3: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, Section 4.2: Data Center Operations : Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, Section 4.3: Data Center Management Methodologies
NEW QUESTION # 51
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