CompTIA CAS-004 Cert Guide PDF 100% Cover Real Exam Questions [Q75-Q94]

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CompTIA CAS-004 Cert Guide PDF 100% Cover Real Exam Questions

Pass CAS-004 Exam - Real Questions and Answers


CompTIA CAS-004 Exam Syllabus Topics:

TopicDetails

Security Architecture 29%

Given a scenario, analyze the security requirements and objectives to ensure an appropriate, secure network architecture for a new or existing network.- Services
  • Load balancer
  • Intrusion detection system (IDS)/network intrusion detection system (NIDS)/wireless intrusion detection system (WIDS)
  • Intrusion prevention system (IPS)/network intrusion prevention system (NIPS)/wireless intrusion prevention system (WIPS)
  • Web application firewall (WAF)
  • Network access control (NAC)
  • Virtual private network (VPN)
  • Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC)
  • Firewall/unified threat management (UTM)/next-generation firewall (NGFW)
  • Network address translation (NAT) gateway
  • Internet gateway
  • Forward/transparent proxy
  • Reverse proxy
  • Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) protection
  • Routers
  • Mail security
  • Application programming interface (API) gateway/Extensible Markup Language (XML) gateway
  • Traffic mirroring
    -Switched port analyzer (SPAN) ports
    -Port mirroring
    - Virtual private cloud (VPC)
    -Network tap
  • Sensors
    -Security information and event management (SIEM)
    -File integrity monitoring (FIM)
    -Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) traps
    -NetFlow
    -Data loss prevention (DLP)
    -Antivirus
- Segmentation
  • Microsegmentation
  • Local area network (LAN)/virtual local area network (VLAN)
  • Jump box
  • Screened subnet
  • Data zones
  • Staging environments
  • Guest environments
  • VPC/virtual network (VNET)
  • Availability zone
  • NAC lists
  • Policies/security groups
  • Regions
  • Access control lists (ACLs)
  • Peer-to-peer
  • Air gap
- Deperimeterization/zero trust
  • Cloud
  • Remote work
  • Mobile
  • Outsourcing and contracting
  • Wireless/radio frequency (RF) networks
- Merging of networks from various organizations
  • Peering
  • Cloud to on premises
  • Data sensitivity levels
  • Mergers and acquisitions
  • Cross-domain
  • Federation
  • Directory services
- Software-defined networking (SDN)
  • Open SDN
  • Hybrid SDN
  • SDN overlay



Given a scenario, analyze the organizational requirements to determine the proper infrastructure security design.- Scalability
  • Vertically
  • Horizontally

- Resiliency

  • High availability
  • Diversity/heterogeneity
  • Course of action orchestration
  • Distributed allocation
  • Redundancy
  • Replication
  • Clustering

- Automation

  • Autoscaling
  • Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR)
  • Bootstrapping
- Performance
- Containerization
- Virtualization
- Content delivery network
- Caching
Given a scenario, integrate software applications securely into an enterprise architecture.- Baseline and templates
  • Secure design patterns/ types of web technologies
    -Storage design patterns
  • Container APIs
  • Secure coding standards
  • Application vetting processes
  • API management
  • Middleware
- Software assurance
  • Sandboxing/development environment
  • Validating third-party libraries
  • Defined DevOps pipeline
  • Code signing
  • Interactive application security testing (IAST) vs. dynamic application security testing (DAST) vs. static application security testing (SAST)
- Considerations of integrating enterprise applications
  • Customer relationship management (CRM)
  • Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
  • Configuration management database (CMDB)
  • Content management system (CMS)
  • Integration enablers
    -Directory services
    -Domain name system (DNS)
    -Service-oriented architecture (SOA)
    -Enterprise service bus (ESB)
- Integrating security into development life cycle
  • Formal methods
  • Requirements
  • Fielding
  • Insertions and upgrades
  • Disposal and reuse
  • Testing
    -Regression
    -Unit testing
    -Integration testing
  • Development approaches
    -SecDevOps
    -Agile
    -Waterfall
    -Spiral
    -Versioning
    -Continuous integration/continuous delivery (CI/CD) pipelines
  • Best practices
    -Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP)
    -Proper Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) headers




Given a scenario, implement data security techniques for securing enterprise architecture.- Data loss prevention
  • Blocking use of external media
  • Print blocking
  • Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) blocking
  • Clipboard privacy controls
  • Restricted virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) implementation
  • Data classification blocking
- Data loss detection
  • Watermarking
  • Digital rights management (DRM)
  • Network traffic decryption/deep packet inspection
  • Network traffic analysis
- Data classification, labeling, and tagging
  • Metadata/attributes
- Obfuscation
  • Tokenization
  • Scrubbing
  • Masking
- Anonymization
- Encrypted vs. unencrypted
- Data life cycle
  • Create
  • Use
  • Share
  • Store
  • Archive
  • Destroy
- Data inventory and mapping
- Data integrity management
- Data storage, backup, and recovery
  • Redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID)

Given a scenario, analyze the security requirements and objectives to provide the appropriate authentication and authorization controls.- Credential management
  • Password repository application
    -End-user password storage
    -On premises vs. cloud repository
  • Hardware key manager
  • Privileged access management

- Password policies

  • Complexity
  • Length
  • Character classes
  • History
  • Maximum/minimum age
  • Auditing
  • Reversable encryption

- Federation

  • Transitive trust
  • OpenID
  • Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML)
  • Shibboleth
- Access control
  • Mandatory access control (MAC)
  • Discretionary access control (DAC)
  • Role-based access control
  • Rule-based access control
  • Attribute-based access control
- Protocols
  • Remote Authentication Dial-in User Server (RADIUS)
  • Terminal Access Controller Access Control System (TACACS)
  • Diameter
  • Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
  • Kerberos
  • OAuth
  • 802.1X
  • Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
- Multifactor authentication (MFA)
  • Two-factor authentication (2FA)
  • 2-Step Verification
  • In-band
  • Out-of-band

- One-time password (OTP)

  • HMAC-based one-time password (HOTP)
  • Time-based one-time password (TOTP)
- Hardware root of trust- Single sign-on (SSO)- JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) web token (JWT)- Attestation and identity proofing





Given a set of requirements, implement secure cloud and virtualization solutions.- Virtualization strategies
  • Type 1 vs. Type 2 hypervisors
  • Containers
  • Emulation
  • Application virtualization
  • VDI
- Provisioning and deprovisioning
- Middleware
- Metadata and tags
- Deployment models and considerations
  • Business directives
    -Cost
    -Scalability
    -Resources
    -Location
    -Data protection
  • Cloud deployment models
    -Private
    -Public
    -Hybrid
    -Community
- Hosting models
  • Multitenant
  • Single-tenant

- Service models

  • Software as a service (SaaS)
  • Platform as a service (PaaS)
  • Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

- Cloud provider limitations

  • Internet Protocol (IP) address scheme
  • VPC peering
- Extending appropriate on-premises controls
- Storage models
  • Object storage/file-based storage
  • Database storage
  • Block storage
  • Blob storage
  • Key-value pairs


Explain how cryptography and public key infrastructure (PKI) support security objectives and requirements.- Privacy and confidentiality requirements
- Integrity requirements
- Non-repudiation
- Compliance and policy requirements
- Common cryptography use cases
  • Data at rest
  • Data in transit
  • Data in process/data in use
  • Protection of web services
  • Embedded systems
  • Key escrow/management
  • Mobile security
  • Secure authentication
  • Smart card

- Common PKI use cases

  • Web services
  • Email
  • Code signing
  • Federation
  • Trust models
  • VPN
  • Enterprise and security automation/orchestration
Explain the impact of emerging technologies on enterprise security and privacy.- Artificial intelligence
- Machine learning
- Quantum computing
- Blockchain
- Homomorphic encryption
  • Private information retrieval
  • Secure function evaluation
  • Private function evaluation

- Secure multiparty computation
- Distributed consensus
- Big Data
- Virtual/augmented reality
- 3-D printing
- Passwordless authentication
- Nano technology
- Deep learning

  • Natural language processing
  • Deep fakes

-Biometric impersonation

Security Operations 30%

Given a scenario, perform threat management activities.- Intelligence types
  • Tactical
    -Commodity malware
  • Strategic
    -Targeted attacks
  • Operational
    -Threat hunting
    -Threat emulation

- Actor types

  • Advanced persistent threat (APT)/nation-state
  • Insider threat
  • Competitor
  • Hacktivist
  • Script kiddie
  • Organized crime

- Threat actor properties

  • Resource
    -Time
    -Money
  • Supply chain access
  • Create vulnerabilities
  • Capabilities/sophistication
  • Identifying techniques

- Intelligence collection methods

  • Intelligence feeds
  • Deep web
  • Proprietary
  • Open-source intelligence (OSINT)
  • Human intelligence (HUMINT)
- Frameworks
  • MITRE Adversarial Tactics, Techniques, & Common knowledge (ATT&CK)
    -ATT&CK for industrial control system (ICS)
  • Diamond Model of Intrusion Analysis
  • Cyber Kill Chain


Given a scenario, analyze indicators of compromise and formulate an appropriate response.- Indicators of compromise
  • Packet capture (PCAP)
  • Logs
    -Network logs
    -Vulnerability logs
    -Operating system logs
    -Access logs
    -NetFlow logs
  • Notifications
    -FIM alerts
    -SIEM alerts
    -DLP alerts
    -IDS/IPS alerts
    -Antivirus alerts
  • Notification severity/priorities
  • Unusual process activity

- Response

  • Firewall rules
  • IPS/IDS rules
  • ACL rules
  • Signature rules
  • Behavior rules
  • DLP rules
  • Scripts/regular expressions
Given a scenario, perform vulnerability management activities.- Vulnerability scans
  • Credentialed vs. non-credentialed
  • Agent-based/server-based
  • Criticality ranking
  • Active vs. passive
- Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP)
  • Extensible Configuration Checklist Description Format (XCCDF)
  • Open Vulnerability and Assessment Language (OVAL)
  • Common Platform Enumeration (CPE)
  • Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE)
  • Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS)
  • Common Configuration Enumeration (CCE)
  • Asset Reporting Format (ARF)
- Self-assessment vs. third-party vendor assessment
- Patch management
- Information sources
  • Advisories
  • Bulletins
  • Vendor websites
  • Information Sharing and Analysis Centers (ISACs)
  • News reports




Given a scenario, use the appropriate vulnerability assessment and penetration testing methods and tools.- Methods
  • Static analysis
  • Dynamic analysis
  • Side-channel analysis
  • Reverse engineering
    -Software
    -Hardware
  • Wireless vulnerability scan
  • Software composition analysis
  • Fuzz testing
  • ivoting
  • Post-exploitation
  • Persistence

- Tools

  • SCAP scanner
  • Network traffic analyzer
  • Vulnerability scanner
  • Protocol analyzer
  • Port scanner
  • HTTP interceptor
  • Exploit framework
  • Password cracker

- Dependency management
- Requirements

  • Scope of work
  • Rules of engagement
  • Invasive vs. non-invasive
  • Asset inventory
  • Permissions and access
  • Corporate policy considerations
  • Facility considerations
  • Physical security considerations
  • Rescan for corrections/changes
Given a scenario, analyze vulnerabilities and recommend risk mitigations.- Vulnerabilities
  • Race conditions
  • Overflows
    -Buffer
    -Integer
  • Broken authentication
  • Unsecure references
  • Poor exception handling
  • Security misconfiguration
  • Improper headers
  • Information disclosure
  • Certificate errors
  • Weak cryptography implementations
  • Weak ciphers
  • Weak cipher suite implementations
  • Software composition analysis
  • Use of vulnerable frameworks and software modules
  • Use of unsafe functions
  • Third-party libraries
    -Dependencies
    -Code injections/malicious changes
    -End of support/end of life
    -Regression issues

- Inherently vulnerable system/application

  • Client-side processing vs. server-side processing
  • JSON/representational state transfer (REST)
  • Browser extensions
    -Flash
    -ActiveX
  • Hypertext Markup Language 5 (HTML5)
  • Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX)
  • Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)
  • Machine code vs. bytecode or interpreted vs. emulated
- Attacks
  • Directory traversal
  • Cross-site scripting (XSS)
  • Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)
  • Injection
    -XML
    -LDAP
    -Structured Query Language (SQL)
    -Command
    -Process
  • Sandbox escape
  • Virtual machine (VM) hopping
  • VM escape
  • Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)/route hijacking
  • Interception attacks
  • Denial-of-service (DoS)/DDoS
  • Authentication bypass
  • Social engineering
  • VLAN hopping


 

NEW QUESTION 75
A junior developer is informed about the impact of new malware on an Advanced RISC Machine (ARM) CPU, and the code must be fixed accordingly. Based on the debug, the malware is able to insert itself in another process memory location.
Which of the following technologies can the developer enable on the ARM architecture to prevent this type of malware?

  • A. Virtual memory encryption
  • B. No-execute
  • C. Total memory encryption
  • D. Execute never

Answer: D

 

NEW QUESTION 76
Ransomware encrypted the entire human resources fileshare for a large financial institution. Security operations personnel were unaware of the activity until it was too late to stop it. The restoration will take approximately four hours, and the last backup occurred 48 hours ago. The management team has indicated that the RPO for a disaster recovery event for this data classification is 24 hours.
Based on RPO requirements, which of the following recommendations should the management team make?

  • A. Leave the current backup schedule intact and make the human resources fileshare read-only.
  • B. Decrease the frequency of backups and pay the ransom to decrypt the data.
  • C. Increase the frequency of backups and create SIEM alerts for IOCs.
  • D. Leave the current backup schedule intact and pay the ransom to decrypt the data.

Answer: C

 

NEW QUESTION 77
A company that all mobile devices be encrypted, commensurate with the full disk encryption scheme of assets, such as workstation, servers, and laptops. Which of the following will MOST likely be a limiting factor when selecting mobile device managers for the company?

  • A. Inability to selected AES-256 encryption
  • B. Increased network latency
  • C. Unavailable of key escrow
  • D. Removal of user authentication requirements

Answer: B

 

NEW QUESTION 78
A company that uses AD is migrating services from LDAP to secure LDAP. During the pilot phase, services are not connecting properly to secure LDAP. Block is an except of output from the troubleshooting session:

Which of the following BEST explains why secure LDAP is not working? (Select TWO.)

  • A. The company is using the wrong port. It should be using port 389 for secure LDAP.
  • B. Secure LDAP should be running on UDP rather than TCP.
  • C. The clients may not trust idapt by default.
  • D. Secure LDAP does not support wildcard certificates.
  • E. Danvills.com is under a DDoS-inator attack and cannot respond to OCSP requests.
  • F. The secure LDAP service is not started, so no connections can be made.
  • G. The clients may not trust Chicago by default.

Answer: A,F

 

NEW QUESTION 79
A threat analyst notices the following URL while going through the HTTP logs.

Which of the following attack types is the threat analyst seeing?

  • A. CSRF
  • B. SQL injection
  • C. XSS
  • D. Session hijacking

Answer: C

 

NEW QUESTION 80
Device event logs sources from MDM software as follows:

Which of the following security concerns and response actions would BEST address the risks posed by the device in the logs?

  • A. Malicious installation of an application; change the MDM configuration to remove application ID 1220.
  • B. Resource leak; recover the device for analysis and clean up the local storage.
  • C. Impossible travel; disable the device's account and access while investigating.
  • D. Falsified status reporting; remotely wipe the device.

Answer: A

 

NEW QUESTION 81
Which of the following are risks associated with vendor lock-in? (Choose two.)

  • A. The client can seamlessly move data.
  • B. The vendor can change product offerings.
  • C. The client can leverage a multicloud approach.
  • D. The client receives a sufficient level of service.
  • E. The client experiences increased interoperability.
  • F. The client experiences decreased quality of service.

Answer: B,F

 

NEW QUESTION 82
During a remodel, a company's computer equipment was moved to a secure storage room with cameras positioned on both sides of the door. The door is locked using a card reader issued by the security team, and only the security team and department managers have access to the room. The company wants to be able to identify any unauthorized individuals who enter the storage room by following an authorized employee.
Which of the following processes would BEST satisfy this requirement?

  • A. Require department managers to review denied-access requests.
  • B. Monitor camera footage corresponding to a valid access request.
  • C. Issue new entry badges on a weekly basis.
  • D. Require both security and management to open the door.

Answer: B

 

NEW QUESTION 83
A developer implement the following code snippet.

Which of the following vulnerabilities does the code snippet resolve?

  • A. Information leakage
  • B. Buffer overflow
  • C. Missing session limit
  • D. SQL inject

Answer: A

 

NEW QUESTION 84
A company's claims processed department has a mobile workforce that receives a large number of email submissions from personal email addresses. An employees recently received an email that approved to be claim form, but it installed malicious software on the employee's laptop when was opened.

  • A. Required all laptops to connect to the VPN before accessing email.
  • B. Impalement application whitelisting and add only the email client to the whitelist for laptop in the claims processing department.
  • C. Implement cloud-based content filtering with sandboxing capabilities.
  • D. Install a mail gateway to scan incoming messages and strip attachments before they reach the mailbox.

Answer: C

 

NEW QUESTION 85
The Chief information Officer (CIO) asks the system administrator to improve email security at the company based on the following requirements:
* Transaction being requested by unauthorized individuals.
* Complete discretion regarding client names, account numbers, and investment information.
* Malicious attackers using email to malware and ransomeware.
* Exfiltration of sensitive company information.
The cloud-based email solution will provide anti-malware reputation-based scanning, signature-based scanning, and sandboxing. Which of the following is the BEST option to resolve the boar's concerns for this email migration?

  • A. SSL VPN
  • B. Endpoint detection response
  • C. Application whitelisting
  • D. Data loss prevention

Answer: D

 

NEW QUESTION 86
An e-commerce company is running a web server on premises, and the resource utilization is usually less than 30%. During the last two holiday seasons, the server experienced performance issues because of too many connections, and several customers were not able to finalize purchase orders. The company is looking to change the server configuration to avoid this kind of performance issue.
Which of the following is the MOST cost-effective solution?

  • A. Upgrade the server with a new one.
  • B. Move the server to a cloud provider.
  • C. Change the operating system.
  • D. Buy a new server and create an active-active cluster.

Answer: B

 

NEW QUESTION 87
A company hired a third party to develop software as part of its strategy to be quicker to market. The company's policy outlines the following requirements:
The credentials used to publish production software to the container registry should be stored in a secure location.
Access should be restricted to the pipeline service account, without the ability for the third-party developer to read the credentials directly.
Which of the following would be the BEST recommendation for storing and monitoring access to these shared credentials?

  • A. TPM
  • B. Key vault
  • C. MFA
  • D. Local secure password file

Answer: A

 

NEW QUESTION 88
During a system penetration test, a security engineer successfully gained access to a shell on a Linux host as a standard user and wants to elevate the privilege levels.
Which of the following is a valid Linux post-exploitation method to use to accomplish this goal?

  • A. Perform ASIC password cracking on the host.
  • B. Use the UNION operator to extract the database schema.
  • C. Spawn a shell using sudo and an escape string such as sudo vim -c '!sh'.
  • D. Initiate unquoted service path exploits.
  • E. Read the /etc/passwd file to extract the usernames.

Answer: E

 

NEW QUESTION 89
A security analyst is trying to identify the source of a recent data loss incident. The analyst has reviewed all the for the time surrounding the identified all the assets on the network at the time of the data loss. The analyst suspects the key to finding the source was obfuscated in an application. Which of the following tools should the analyst use NEXT?

  • A. Log reduction and analysis tool
  • B. Network enurrerator
  • C. Software Decomplier
  • D. Static code analysis

Answer: D

 

NEW QUESTION 90
A company undergoing digital transformation is reviewing the resiliency of a CSP and is concerned about meeting SLA requirements in the event of a CSP incident.
Which of the following would be BEST to proceed with the transformation?

  • A. An active-active solution within the same tenant
  • B. A multicloud provider solution
  • C. An on-premises solution as a backup
  • D. A load balancer with a round-robin configuration

Answer: A

 

NEW QUESTION 91
A security architect is implementing a web application that uses a database back end. Prior to the production, the architect is concerned about the possibility of XSS attacks and wants to identify security controls that could be put in place to prevent these attacks.
Which of the following sources could the architect consult to address this security concern?

  • A. OWASP
  • B. IEEE
  • C. SDLC
  • D. OVAL

Answer: D

 

NEW QUESTION 92
A security analyst is researching containerization concepts for an organization. The analyst is concerned about potential resource exhaustion scenarios on the Docker host due to a single application that is overconsuming available resources.
Which of the following core Linux concepts BEST reflects the ability to limit resource allocation to containers?

  • A. Device mapper
  • B. Union filesystem overlay
  • C. Cgroups
  • D. Linux namespaces

Answer: C

 

NEW QUESTION 93
A shipping company that is trying to eliminate entire classes of threats is developing an SELinux policy to ensure its custom Android devices are used exclusively for package tracking.
After compiling and implementing the policy, in which of the following modes must the company ensure the devices are configured to run?

  • A. Permissive
  • B. Mandatory
  • C. Enforcing
  • D. Protecting

Answer: A

 

NEW QUESTION 94
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