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NEW QUESTION # 87
A Level 2 Assessment was conducted for an OSC, and the results are ready to be submitted. Prior to uploading the assessment results, what step MUST the C3PAO complete?
- A. Complete an internal review of the results.
- B. Notify the CMMC-AB that submission is forthcoming.
- C. Pay an assessment submission fee.
- D. Coordinate a final briefing between the Lead Assessor and the OSC.
Answer: D
Explanation:
ACMMC Level 2 Assessmentis conducted by aC3PAO (Certified Third-Party Assessment Organization)to determine whether theOrganization Seeking Certification (OSC)meets all required110 NIST SP 800-171 controls.
Before submitting the results, theC3PAO must complete a final briefing between the Lead Assessor and the OSCto review findings and clarify any concerns.
* A. Pay an assessment submission fee#Incorrect
* There is no mandatory submission fee for assessment results.Fees apply to the assessment process, not submission.
* B. Complete an internal review of the results#Incorrect
* While internal reviews are encouraged, they arenot a required step before submissionin CMMC assessment procedures.
* C. Notify the CMMC-AB that submission is forthcoming#Incorrect
* TheC3PAO submits results to the CMMC-AB through the CMMC eMASS system, but prior notification isnot a required procedural step.
* D. Coordinate a final briefing between the Lead Assessor and the OSC#Correct
* According toCMMC Assessment Process (CAP) guidelines, theLead Assessor must conduct a final briefing with the OSCbefore submitting the results.
* This briefing ensures transparency, provides OSC with insight into the findings, and allows for final clarifications.
* CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) v1.0
* Requires afinal briefing between the Lead Assessor and the OSC before submitting assessment results.
* CMMC-AB and C3PAO Process Requirements
* TheLead Assessor must communicate final findings with the OSC before submission to CMMC- AB.
Analysis of the Given Options:Official References Supporting the Correct Answer:Conclusion:The correct answer is:
#D. Coordinate a final briefing between the Lead Assessor and the OSC.
NEW QUESTION # 88
Which organization is the governmental authority responsible for identifying and marking CUI?
- A. NIST
- B. CMMC-AB
- C. NARA
- D. Department of Homeland Security
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 89
When planning an assessment, the Lead Assessor should work with the OSC to select personnel to be interviewed who could:
- A. demonstrate expertise on the CMMC requirements.
- B. be a senior person in the company.
- C. have a security clearance.
- D. provide clarity and understanding of their practice activities.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Interview Selection in CMMC Assessments
During aCMMC assessment, theLead Assessormust work with theOrganization Seeking Certification (OSC) to select personnel for interviews. The goal is to:
#Verify that personnel understand andperform security-related practices.
#Ensure that individuals canexplain how they implement CMMC requirements.
#Gain insight intoactual cybersecurity operationsrather than just documented policies.
The best interviewees are those whodirectly engage with security practicesand canclearly explain how they perform their duties.
Why "Providing Clarity and Understanding" Is Key
CMMC assessmentsrely on interviewsto validate that security practices areimplemented effectively.
Themost valuable intervieweesare those who canexplainhow security measures are appliedin day-to-day operations.
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP)emphasizes that assessors should speak tothose actively involved in security practicesrather than just senior management or policy owners.
Thus,option D is the correct choicebecause the Lead Assessor should prioritizeinterviewing personnel who can clearly explain how CMMC practices are implemented.
Why the Other Answers Are Incorrect
A). Have a security clearance.
#Incorrect.Security clearance is not a requirementfor CMMC assessments. The focus is onpractical implementation of security controls, not classified work.
B). Be a senior person in the company.
#Incorrect. Senior executives may not be involved in theactual implementation of security controls. The best interviewees are those whoperform the work, not just oversee it.
C). Demonstrate expertise on the CMMC requirements.
#Incorrect. Whileunderstanding CMMC is important, expertise alonedoes not guarantee practical knowledgeof security controls. The key is thatinterviewees must provide clarity on how they perform security tasks.
CMMC Official References
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Document- Guides interview selection based on personnel who perform security functions.
NIST SP 800-171 & CMMC 2.0- Emphasize that cybersecurity controls must beactively implemented, not just documented.
Thus,option D (Provide clarity and understanding of their practice activities) is the correct answeras per official CMMC assessment guidelines.
NEW QUESTION # 90
A CCP is working as an Assessment Team Member on a CMMC Level 2 Assessment. The Lead Assessor has assigned the CCP to assess the OSC's Configuration Management (CM) domain. The CCP's first interview is with a subject-matter expert for user-installed software. With respect to user-installed software, what facet should the CCP's interview focus on?
- A. Removed from the system
- B. Scanned for malicious code
- C. Limited to mission-essential use only
- D. Controlled and monitored
Answer: D
Explanation:
Understanding Configuration Management (CM) in CMMC Level 2InCMMC Level 2, theConfiguration Management (CM) domainis critical for ensuring that systems aresecurely configured, maintained, and monitoredto prevent unauthorized changes. One key aspect of CM is managinguser-installed software, which can introducesecurity risksif not properly controlled.
The correct approach to managinguser-installed softwarealigns withCM.3.068fromNIST SP 800-171, which requires organizations to:
#Establish and enforce configuration settingsto ensure security.
#Monitor and control user-installed softwareto prevent unauthorized or insecure applications from running on organizational systems.
Why "Controlled and Monitored" is Correct?The CCP (Certified CMMC Professional) conducting theinterviewshould focus on whether theuser-installed softwareiscontrolled and monitoredto align withCMMC Level 2 requirements. This means verifying:
* Approval processesfor user-installed software.
* Monitoring mechanisms(e.g., system logs, audits) to track software changes.
* Policies that restrict unauthorized installationsto prevent security risks.
Breakdown of Answer ChoicesOption
Description
Correct?
A: Controlled and monitored
#Ensures compliance with CM.3.068, verifying that user-installed software ismanaged securely.
#Correct
B: Removed from the system
Software isnot always removed-only unauthorized or risky software should be.
#Incorrect
C: Scanned for malicious code
While scanning isimportant(covered in SI.3.218), it isnot the primary focusof Configuration Management.
#Incorrect
D: Limited to mission-essential use only
While limiting software is useful,monitoring and controllingis the key security measure.
#Incorrect
* NIST SP 800-171, CM.3.068- "Control and monitor user-installed software."
* CMMC 2.0 Level 2 Requirements- Directly aligned withNIST SP 800-171 security controls.
Official Reference from CMMC 2.0 DocumentationFinal Verification and ConclusionThe correct answer isA.
Controlled and monitored, as perCM.3.068inNIST SP 800-171andCMMC 2.0documentation.
NEW QUESTION # 91
Who is responsible for ensuring that subcontractors have a valid CMMC Certification?
- A. Contractor organization
- B. CMMC-AB
- C. OUSDA&S
- D. DoD agency or client
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 92
The CMMC Level 2 assessment methods include examination and can include:
- A. observation of system backup operations, exercising a contingency plan, and monitoring network traffic.
- B. documents, mechanisms, or activities.
- C. policies, procedures, security plans, penetration tests, and security requirements.
- D. specific hardware, software, or firmware safeguards employed within a system.
Answer: B
Explanation:
CMMC Level 2 Assessment MethodsCMMC Level 2 assessments focus on verifying compliance withNIST SP 800-171 requirements. TheCMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Documentspecifies that assessments at this level include:
* Examination- Reviewing documents, mechanisms, and activities.
* Interview- Speaking with personnel to validate implementation.
* Testing- Observing and verifying security controls in action.
What Does "Examination" Include?According toCMMC Assessment Methodology, examination involves reviewing:
#Documents(Policies, procedures, security plans)
#Mechanisms(Security controls, authentication systems)
#Activities(Backup operations, network monitoring, security training)
Sinceexamination includes reviewing documents, mechanisms, and activities, the correct answer isA.
* B. Specific hardware, software, or firmware safeguards employed within a system.#Incorrect. While safeguardsmaybe examined, CMMC does not limit examination to only hardware, software, or firmware. The definition is broader.
* C. Policies, procedures, security plans, penetration tests, and security requirements.#Incorrect.
Whilesome of these itemsare examined, penetration tests arenot requiredin a CMMC Level 2 assessment.
* D. Observation of system backup operations, exercising a contingency plan, and monitoring network traffic.#Incorrect. These activities fall undertesting and interviews, not just examination.
Why the Other Answers Are Incorrect
* CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Document- Defines "examination" as reviewingdocuments, mechanisms, and activities.
CMMC Official ReferencesThus,option A (documents, mechanisms, or activities) is the correct answer, as it aligns with CMMC Level 2 assessment methodology.
NEW QUESTION # 93
When planning an assessment, the Lead Assessor should work with the OSC to select personnel to be interviewed who could:
- A. demonstrate expertise on the CMMC requirements.
- B. be a senior person in the company.
- C. have a security clearance.
- D. provide clarity and understanding of their practice activities.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Interview Selection in CMMC AssessmentsDuring aCMMC assessment, theLead Assessormust work with theOrganization Seeking Certification (OSC)to select personnel for interviews. The goal is to:
#Verify that personnel understand andperform security-related practices.
#Ensure that individuals canexplain how they implement CMMC requirements.
#Gain insight intoactual cybersecurity operationsrather than just documented policies.
The best interviewees are those whodirectly engage with security practicesand canclearly explain how they perform their duties.
CMMC assessmentsrely on interviewsto validate that security practices areimplemented effectively.
Themost valuable intervieweesare those who canexplainhow security measures are appliedin day-to-day operations.
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP)emphasizes that assessors should speak tothose actively involved in security practicesrather than just senior management or policy owners.
Why "Providing Clarity and Understanding" Is KeyThus,option D is the correct choicebecause the Lead Assessor should prioritizeinterviewing personnel who can clearly explain how CMMC practices are implemented.
A). Have a security clearance.#Incorrect.Security clearance is not a requirementfor CMMC assessments. The focus is onpractical implementation of security controls, not classified work.
B). Be a senior person in the company.#Incorrect. Senior executives may not be involved in theactual implementation of security controls. The best interviewees are those whoperform the work, not just oversee it.
C). Demonstrate expertise on the CMMC requirements.#Incorrect. Whileunderstanding CMMC is important, expertise alonedoes not guarantee practical knowledgeof security controls. The key is thatinterviewees must provide clarity on how they perform security tasks.
Why the Other Answers Are Incorrect
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Document- Guides interview selection based on personnel who perform security functions.
NIST SP 800-171 & CMMC 2.0- Emphasize that cybersecurity controls must beactively implemented, not just documented.
CMMC Official ReferencesThus,option D (Provide clarity and understanding of their practice activities) is the correct answeras per official CMMC assessment guidelines.
NEW QUESTION # 94
A company has a government services division and a commercial services division. The government services division interacts exclusively with federal clients and regularly receives FCI. The commercial services division interacts exclusively with non-federal clients and processes only publicly available information. For this company's CMMC Level 1 Self-Assessment, how should the assets supporting the commercial services division be categorized?
- A. Operational Technology Assets
- B. Out-of-Scope Assets
- C. Specialized Assets
- D. FCI Assets
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 95
When assessing SI.L2-3.14.6: Monitor communications for attack, the CCA interviews the person responsible for the intrusion detection system and examines relevant policies and procedures for monitoring organizational systems. What would be a possible next step the CCA could conduct to gather sufficient evidence?
- A. Review an artifact to check key references for the configuration of the IDS or IPS practice for additional guidance on intrusion detection and prevention systems.
- B. Conduct a penetration test
- C. Interview the intrusion detection system's supplier.
- D. Upload known malicious code and observe the system response.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Understanding SI.L2-3.14.6: Monitor Communications for Attacks
The practiceSI.L2-3.14.6fromNIST SP 800-171(aligned with CMMC Level 2) requires an organization tomonitor organizational communications for indicators of attack. This typically includes:
#Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)andIntrusion Prevention Systems (IPS)
#Log analysis and network monitoring
#Incident response planningfor detected threats
As part of aCMMC Level 2 assessment, theCertified CMMC Assessor (CCA)must ensure that theOSC (Organization Seeking Certification)hasproperly implemented and documenteditsmonitoring capabilities.
Why "Review an artifact to check key references for the configuration of the IDS or IPS" is Correct?
TheCCA must collect sufficient objective evidenceto determine compliance.
Reviewing anartifact(such as system configurations, IDS/IPS logs, or security policies)helps validatethat intrusion detection is properly implemented.
Configuration settings providedirect evidenceof whethermonitoring for attacksis effectively applied.
Breakdown of Answer Choices
Option
Description
Correct?
A). Conduct a penetration test
#Incorrect-Penetration testing isnot requiredfor CMMC Level 2 assessments and falls outside an assessor's responsibilities.
B). Interview the intrusion detection system's supplier.
#Incorrect-Thesupplier does not determine compliance; the assessor needs evidence from theOSC's implementation.
C). Upload known malicious code and observe the system response.
#Incorrect-This would beinvasive testing, which isnot part of a CMMC assessment.
D). Review an artifact to check key references for the configuration of the IDS or IPS practice for additional guidance on intrusion detection and prevention systems.
#Correct - Reviewing system artifacts provides direct evidence of compliance with SI.L2-3.14.6.
Official References from CMMC 2.0 and NIST SP 800-171 Documentation
NIST SP 800-171 SI.L2-3.14.6- Requires monitoring communications for attack indicators.
CMMC Assessment Process Guide (CAP)- Describesartifact reviewas an essential assessment method.
Final Verification and Conclusion
The correct answer isD. Review an artifact to check key references for the configuration of the IDS or IPS practice for additional guidance on intrusion detection and prevention systems.
This aligns withCMMC 2.0 Level 2 assessment requirementsandSI.L2-3.14.6 compliance verification.
NEW QUESTION # 96
An organization's sales representative is tasked with entering FCI data into various fields within a spreadsheet on a company-issued laptop. This laptop is an FCI Asset being used to:
- A. process and organize FCI.
- B. store, process, and organize FCI.
- C. process and transmit FCI.
- D. store, process, and transmit FCI.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Understanding FCI and Asset CategorizationFederal Contract Information (FCI)is any informationnot intended for public releasethat is provided by or generated for thegovernmentunder aDoD contract.
Acompany-issued laptopused by a sales representative to enter FCI into aspreadsheetis considered anFCI assetbecause it:
#Stores FCI- The spreadsheet contains sensitive information.
#Processes FCI- The representative is entering data into the spreadsheet.
#Organizes FCI- The spreadsheet helps structure and manage FCI data.
* Processing (Option B and C)is occurring, but since the laptop is primarily being used toorganize data, Option D is the most comprehensive.
* Transmission (Option A and C)is not explicitly mentioned, soOption D is the best fit.
Why "Store, Process, and Organize FCI" is Correct?Breakdown of Answer ChoicesOption Description Correct?
A: Process and transmit FCI.
#Incorrect-No indication oftransmissionis provided.
B: Process and organize FCI.
#Incorrect-Storage is also a key function of the laptop.
C: Store, process, and transmit FCI.
#Incorrect-Transmission is not confirmed in the scenario.
D: Store, process, and organize FCI.
#Correct - The laptop is used to store, process, and organize FCI in a spreadsheet.
* CMMC Asset Categorization Guidelines- DefinesFCI assetsbased onstorage, processing, and organization functions.
Official References from CMMC 2.0 DocumentationFinal Verification and ConclusionThe correct answer isD. Store, process, and organize FCI, as the laptop is used tostore information, enter (process) data, and structure (organize) FCI within a spreadsheet.
NEW QUESTION # 97
Prior to conducting a CMMC Assessment, the contractor must specify the CMMC Assessment scope by categorizing all assets. Which two asset categories are always assessed against CMMC practices?
- A. Specialized Assets and Contractor Risk Managed Assets
- B. Security Protection Assets and CUI Assets
- C. CUI Assets and Specialized Assets
- D. Security Protection Assets and Contractor Risk Managed Assets
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 98
Which example represents a Specialized Asset?
- A. Hosted VPN services
- B. SOCs
- C. All property owned or leased by the government
- D. Consultants who provide cybersecurity services
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 99
Which phase of the CMMC Assessment Process includes the task to identify, obtain inventory, and verify evidence?
- A. Phase 2: Conduct Assessment
- B. Phase 3: Report Recommended Assessment Results
- C. Phase 1: Plan and Prepare Assessment
- D. Phase 4: Remediation of Outstanding Assessment Issues
Answer: A
Explanation:
Understanding the CMMC Assessment ProcessTheCMMC Assessment Process (CAP)consists offour phases, each with specific tasks and objectives.
* Phase 1: Plan and Prepare Assessment- Planning, scheduling, and preparing for the assessment.
* Phase 2: Conduct Assessment-Gathering and verifying evidence, conducting interviews, and evaluating compliance.
* Phase 3: Report Recommended Assessment Results- Documenting findings and reporting results.
* Phase 4: Remediation of Outstanding Assessment Issues- Allowing the organization to address any deficiencies.
Why "Phase 2: Conduct Assessment" is Correct?DuringPhase 2: Conduct Assessment, theAssessment Teamperforms key activities, including:
#Identifying required evidencefor compliance verification.
#Obtaining and reviewing artifacts(e.g., security policies, configurations, logs).
#Verifying the sufficiency of evidenceagainst CMMC practice requirements.
#Interviewing key personneland observing cybersecurity implementations.
Since the question specifically mentions"identify, obtain inventory, and verify evidence,"this task directly falls underPhase 2: Conduct Assessment.
Breakdown of Answer ChoicesOption
Description
Correct?
A: Phase 1: Plan and Prepare Assessment
#Incorrect-This phase focuses onscheduling, logistics, and planning, not evidence collection.
B: Phase 2: Conduct Assessment
#Correct - This phase involves gathering, verifying, and reviewing evidence.
C: Phase 3: Report Recommended Assessment Results
#Incorrect-This phasedocumentsresults but doesnotcollect evidence.
D: Phase 4: Remediation of Outstanding Assessment Issues
#Incorrect-This phase focuses oncorrective actions, not evidence collection.
* CMMC Assessment Process Guide (CAP)-Phase 2: Conduct Assessmentexplicitly includes tasks such asgathering and verifying evidence.
Official References from CMMC 2.0 DocumentationFinal Verification and ConclusionThe correct answer isB. Phase 2: Conduct Assessment, as this phase includesidentifying, obtaining, and verifying evidence, which is critical for determining CMMC compliance.
NEW QUESTION # 100
A contractor has implemented IA.L2-3.5.3: Multifactor Authentication practice for their privileged users, however, during the assessment it was discovered that the OSC's standard users do not require MFA to access their endpoints and network resources. What would be the BEST finding?
- A. It is out of scope as this is a new acquisition.
- B. The process is running correctly.
- C. Practice is NOT MET since the objective was not implemented.
- D. The new acquisition is considered Specialized Assets.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Understanding IA.L2-3.5.3: Multifactor Authentication (MFA) RequirementTheIA.L2-3.5.3practice, derived fromNIST SP 800-171 (Requirement 3.5.3), requires thatmultifactor authentication (MFA) be implemented for both privileged and standard userswhen accessing:
#Organizational endpoints(e.g., laptops, desktops, mobile devices).
#Network resources(e.g., VPNs, internal systems).
#Cloud services containing Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI).
Key Requirement for a "MET" RatingFor IA.L2-3.5.3 to beMet, the organization must:
Require MFA for all privileged users(e.g., system administrators).
Require MFA for standard users accessing endpoints and network resources.
Implement MFA across all relevant systems.
Sincestandard users do not require MFA in the OSC's current implementation, the practiceis not fully implementedand must be ratedNOT MET.
A). The process is running correctly # Incorrect
MFA isonly applied to privileged users, but it isalso required for standard users. The process isnot fully implemented.
B). It is out of scope as this is a new acquisition # Incorrect
New acquisitionsmust still meet MFA requirementsif they handle CUI or network access.
C). The new acquisition is considered Specialized Assets # Incorrect
Specialized assets (e.g., IoT, legacy systems) may have alternative security controls, but standard users and endpointsmust still comply with MFA.
D). Practice is NOT MET since the objective was not implemented # Correct MFA must be enabled for both privileged and standard usersaccessing endpoints and network resources.
Since standard users are excluded, the practice isNOT MET.
Why is the Correct Answer "D" (Practice is NOT MET since the objective was not implemented)?
CMMC 2.0 Level 2 (Advanced) Requirements
Specifies thatMFA must be applied to all users accessing CUI and network resources.
NIST SP 800-171 (Requirement 3.5.3 - MFA Implementation)
Requires MFA forall user types, including privileged and standard users.
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Document
States that a practicemust be fully implemented to be considered MET. Partial implementation meansNOT MET.
CMMC 2.0 References Supporting This Answer.
NEW QUESTION # 101
Which entity specifies the required CMMC Level in Requests for Information and Requests for Proposals?
- A. NIST
- B. NARA
- C. DoD
- D. Department of Homeland Security
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 102
Which term describes "the protective measures that are commensurate with the consequences and probability of loss, misuse, or unauthorized access to. or modification of information"?
- A. Adaptive security
- B. Adopted security
- C. Adequate security
- D. Advanced security
Answer: C
Explanation:
Understanding the Concept of Security in CMMC 2.0
CMMC 2.0 aligns with federal cybersecurity standards, particularlyFISMA (Federal Information Security Modernization Act), NIST SP 800-171, and FAR 52.204-21. One key principle in these frameworks is the implementation of security measures that are appropriate for the risk level associated with the data being protected.
The question describes security measures that are proportionate to therisk of loss, misuse, unauthorized access, or modificationof information. This matches the definition of"Adequate Security." Analyzing the Given Options A). Adopted security# Incorrect The term"adopted security"is not officially recognized in CMMC, NIST, or FISMA. Organizations adopt security policies, but the concept does not directly align with the question's definition.
B). Adaptive security# Incorrect
Adaptive securityrefers to adynamic cybersecurity modelwhere security measures continuously evolve based on real-time threats. While important, it does not directly match the definition in the question.
C). Adequate security#Correct
The term"adequate security"is defined inNIST SP 800-171, DFARS 252.204-7012, and FISMAas the level of protection that isproportional to the consequences and likelihood of a security incident.
This aligns perfectly with the definition in the question.
D). Advanced security# Incorrect
Advanced securitytypically refers tohighly sophisticated cybersecurity mechanisms, such as AI-driven threat detection. However, the term does not explicitly relate to the concept of risk-based proportional security.
Official References Supporting the Correct Answer
FISMA (44 U.S.C. § 3552(b)(3))
Definesadequate securityas"protective measures commensurate with the risk and potential impact of unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction of information." This directly matches the question's wording.
DFARS 252.204-7012 (Safeguarding Covered Defense Information and Cyber Incident Reporting) Mandates that contractors apply"adequate security"to protect Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI).
NIST SP 800-171 Rev. 2, Requirement 3.1.1
States that organizations must "limit system access to authorized users and implement adequate security protections to prevent unauthorized disclosure." CMMC 2.0 Documentation (Level 1 and Level 2 Requirements) Requires that organizationsapply adequate security measures in accordance with NIST SP 800-171to meet compliance standards.
Conclusion
The term"adequate security"is the correct answer because it is explicitly defined in federal cybersecurity frameworks asprotection proportional to risk and potential consequences. Thus, the verified answer is:
NEW QUESTION # 103
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